The instrument display cycles between distance travelled, time taken, current fuel economy, average fuel economy, and average speed. You cycle through them by using the up/down button on the end of the wiper stalk.
Pushing the button on the bottom of the wiper stalk cycles the display between your current trip (1) and since the trip computer was reset (2). You reset the trip computer by pressing and holding the bottom button.
I don't think the fog lights should flash when you lock/unlock the car. Usually it's just the indicators, so there could be a bad earth or shorted wires. To test the front fog lights, turn your key on, turn your park lights on, then pull the light switch out one click to see if they both work. I'd also operate the indicators or hazard lights (with the fog lights turned off) and check to make sure that fog light isn't flashing with them.
My first thought when seeing the rear drivers side tail light on by itself is that your lights are switched off, and you've left your RH indicator on and taken the key out, as that's what happens (for parking on narrow streets at night). But if your parklights or headlights are definitely switched on, you'd probably need a multimeter to test you've got power and earth to the LH tail light unit, and if so test you've got continuity through the unit to the bulb holder (both power and earth).